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12.0 Glossary

Life-Cycle Costing: A method of evaluating a capital investment that takes into account the
sum total of all costs associated with the investment over the lifetime of the project.

Light (duty) Rail Transit (LRT): “Street cars” or “trolley cars” that typically operate entirely
or substantially in mixed traffic and in non-exclusive, at-grade rights-of- way. Passengers
typically board vehicles from the street level (as opposed to a platform that is level with the
train) and the driver may collect fares. Vehicles are each electrically self-propelled and
usually operate in one or two-car trains.

Light Spill: When light shines beyond the intended area and illuminates an unintended area.

Lignitic: Coal-bearing.

Lineament: A linear topographic feature, often used to describe a portion of a fault line.

Line Source: A long, narrow source of air pollutant emissions such as a roadway or runway.

Linked Trips: A series of individual trips made between a primary origin and a primary
destination. (e.g., traveling from your home in Centennial to a school in Centennial, then to a
coffee shop in Centennial, then to your job in Valencia represents three trips (two internal
and one external), and six trip ends.

Liquefaction: Liquefaction is the state or process in which surface and near-surface material
(e.g., soils, alluvium) is transformed from a solid into a liquid state. This occurs due to
increased pore pressure and reduced effective stress. Soil may become liquefied, for
example, during and immediately following an earthquake.

Little Ice Age: A period of global cooling and advancement of ice sheets between 1280 and
1860.

Lmax: the highest noise level measured during the time noise is measured.

Local Agency: Local agency means any public agency other than a State agency, board, or
commission. Local agency includes but is not limited to cities, counties, charter cities and
counties, districts, school districts, special districts, redevelopment agencies, local agency
formation commissions, and any board, commission, or organizational subdivision of a local
agency when so designated by order or resolution of the governing legislative body of the
local agency (State CEQA Guidelines, Section15368).

Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO): A five- or seven-member commission for
each County that reviews and evaluates all proposals for formation of special districts,
incorporation of cities, annexation to special districts or cities, consolidation of districts, and
merger of districts with cities. Each County's LAFCO is empowered to approve, disapprove,
or conditionally approve such proposals. The five LAFCO members generally include two
county supervisors, two city council members, and one member representing the general
public. Some LAFCOs include two representatives of special districts.

R:\Projects\PAS\CEN\000306\Draft EIR\12.0_Glossary-051017.docx 12-46 Centennial Project
Draft EIR